@article{noauthor_notitle_nodate, file = {_.pdf:files/8/_.pdf:application/pdf} } @article{chen_convergent_1997, title = {Convergent evolution of antifreeze glycoproteins in {Antarctic} notothenioid fish and {Arctic} cod}, volume = {94}, issn = {0027-8424, 1091-6490}, url = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.94.8.3817}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.94.8.3817}, abstract = {Antarctic notothenioid fishes and several northern cods are phylogenetically distant (in different orders and superorders), yet produce near-identical antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) to survive in their respective freezing environments. AFGPs in both fishes are made as a family of discretely sized polymers composed of a simple glycotripeptide monomeric repeat. Characterizations of the AFGP genes from notothenioids and the Arctic cod show that their AFGPs are both encoded by a family of polyprotein genes, with each gene encoding multiple AFGP molecules linked in tandem by small cleavable spacers. Despite these apparent similarities, detailed analyses of the AFGP gene sequences and substructures provide strong evidence that AFGPs in these two polar fishes in fact evolved independently. First, although Antarctic notothenioid AFGP genes have been shown to originate from a pancreatic trypsinogen, Arctic cod AFGP genes share no sequence identity with the trypsinogen gene, indicating trypsinogen is not the progenitor. Second, the AFGP genes of the two fish have different intron–exon organizations and different spacer sequences and, thus, different processing of the polyprotein precursors, consistent with separate genomic origins. Third, the repetitive AFGP tripeptide (Thr-Ala͞ProAla) coding sequences are drastically different in the two groups of genes, suggesting that they arose from duplications of two distinct, short ancestral sequences with a different permutation of three codons for the same tripeptide. The molecular evidence for separate ancestry is supported by morphological, paleontological, and paleoclimatic evidence, which collectively indicate that these two polar fishes evolved their respective AFGPs separately and thus arrived at the same AFGPs through convergent evolution.}, language = {en}, number = {8}, urldate = {2018-04-18}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, author = {Chen, L. and DeVries, A. L. and Cheng, C.-H. C.}, month = apr, year = {1997}, pages = {3817--3822}, file = {Chen et al. - 1997 - Convergent evolution of antifreeze glycoproteins i.pdf:files/9/Chen et al. - 1997 - Convergent evolution of antifreeze glycoproteins i.pdf:application/pdf} } @article{cheng_nonhepatic_2006, title = {Nonhepatic origin of notothenioid antifreeze reveals pancreatic synthesis as common mechanism in polar fish freezing avoidance}, volume = {103}, issn = {0027-8424, 1091-6490}, url = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0603796103}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.0603796103}, language = {en}, number = {27}, urldate = {2018-04-18}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, author = {Cheng, C.-H. C. and Cziko, P. A. and Evans, C. W.}, month = jul, year = {2006}, pages = {10491--10496}, file = {Cheng et al. - 2006 - Nonhepatic origin of notothenioid antifreeze revea.pdf:files/11/Cheng et al. - 2006 - Nonhepatic origin of notothenioid antifreeze revea.pdf:application/pdf} } @incollection{riesch_adaptive_2015, title = {The {Adaptive} {Radiation} of {Notothenioids} {Fishes} in the {Waters} of {Antactirca}}, isbn = {978-3-319-13362-1}, url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=943435}, abstract = {This book summarizes the key adaptations enabling extremophile fishes to survive under harsh environmental conditions. It reviews the most recent research on acidic, Antarctic, cave, desert, hypersaline, hypoxic, temporary, and fast-flowing habitats, as well as naturally and anthropogenically toxic waters, while pointing out generalities that are evident across different study systems. Knowledge of the different adaptations that allow fish to cope with stressful environmental conditions furthers our understanding of basic physiological, ecological, and evolutionary principles. In several cases, evidence is provided for how the adaptation to extreme environments promotes the emergence of new species. Furthermore, a link is made to conservation biology, and how human activities have exacerbated existing extreme environments and created new ones. The book concludes with a discussion of major open questions in our understanding of the ecology and evolution of life in extreme environments.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2018-04-18}, booktitle = {Extremophile fishes: ecology, evolution, and physiology of teleosts in extreme environments}, author = {Matschiner, M and Colombo, M and Damerau, M and Ceballos, S and Hanel, R and Salsburger, W}, editor = {Riesch, Rüdiger and Tobler, Michael and Plath, Martin}, year = {2015}, note = {OCLC: 900781311}, file = {Riesch et al. - 2015 - Extremophile fishes ecology, evolution, and physi.pdf:files/23/Riesch et al. - 2015 - Extremophile fishes ecology, evolution, and physi.pdf:application/pdf} } @article{hofmann_lack_2000, title = {Lack of heat-shock response in {Antarctic} fish}, volume = {203}, abstract = {The heat-shock response, the enhanced expression of one chaperones could not be detected under any of the or more classes of molecular chaperones termed heat-shock experimental condition used, solid-phase antibody proteins (hsps) in response to stress induced by high (western) analysis revealed that a constitutively expressed temperatures, is commonly viewed as a ‘universal’ 70 kDa chaperone was present in this species, as predicted characteristic of organisms. We examined the occurrence on the basis of requirements for chaperoning during of the heat-shock response in a highly cold-adapted, protein synthesis. Amounts of the constitutively expressed stenothermal Antarctic teleost fish, Trematomus bernacchii, 70 kDa chaperone increased in brain, but not in gill, during to determine whether this response has persisted in a 22 days of acclimation to 5 °C. The apparent absence of a lineage that has encountered very low and stable heat-shock response in this highly stenothermal species is temperatures for at least the past 14–25 million years. The interpreted as an indication that a physiological capacity patterns of protein synthesis observed in in vivo metabolic observed in almost all other organisms has been lost as a labelling experiments that involved injection of 35S-labelled result of the absence of positive selection during evolution methionine and cysteine into whole fish previously at stable sub-zero temperatures. Whether the loss of the subjected to a heat stress of 10 °C yielded no evidence for heat-shock response is due to dysfunctional genes for synthesis of any size class of heat-shock protein. Parallel in inducible hsps (loss of open reading frames or functional vivo labelling experiments with isolated hepatocytes regulatory regions), unstable messenger RNAs, the absence similarly showed significant amounts of protein synthesis, of a functional heat-shock factor or some other lesion but no indication of enhanced expression of any class of remains to be determined.}, language = {en}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology}, author = {Hofmann, G E}, year = {2000}, pages = {2331--2339}, file = {Hofmann - Lack of heat-shock response in Antarctic fish.pdf:files/22/Hofmann - Lack of heat-shock response in Antarctic fish.pdf:application/pdf} } @article{garofalo_antarctic_2009, title = {The {Antarctic} hemoglobinless icefish, fifty five years later: {A} unique cardiocirculatory interplay of disaptation and phenotypic plasticity}, volume = {154}, issn = {10956433}, shorttitle = {The {Antarctic} hemoglobinless icefish, fifty five years later}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1095643309007338}, doi = {10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.04.621}, abstract = {The teleostean Channichthyidae (icefish), endemic stenotherms of the Antarctic waters, perennially at or near freezing, represent a unique example of disaptation among adult vertebrates for their loss of functional traits, particularly hemoglobin (Hb) and, in some species, cardiac myoglobin (Mb), once considered to be essential-life oxygen-binding chromoproteins. Conceivably, this stably frigid, oxygen-rich habitat has permitted high tolerance of disaptation, followed by subsequent adaptive recovery based on gene expression reprogramming and compensatory responses, including an alternative cardio-circulatory design, Hb-free blood and Mb-free cardiac muscle. This review revisits the functional significance of the multilevel cardiocirculatory compensations (hypervolemia, near-zero hematocrit and low blood viscosity, large bore capillaries, increased vascularity with great capacitance, cardiomegaly with very large cardiac output, high blood flow with low systemic pressure and systemic resistance) that counteract the challenge of hypoxemic hypoxia by increasing peripheral oxygen transcellular movement for aerobic tissues, including the myocardium. Reconsidered in the context of recent knowledge on both polar cold adaptation and the new questions related to the advent of nitric oxide (NO) biology, these compensations can be interpreted either according to the “loss-without-penalty” alternative, or in the context of an excessive environmental oxygen supply at low cellular cost and oxygen requirement in the cold. Therefore, rather than reflecting oxygen limitation, several traits may indicate structural overcompensation of oxygen supply reductions at cell/tissue levels. At the multilevel cardio-circulatory adjustments, NO is revealing itself as a major integrator, compensating disaptation with functional phenotypic plasticity, as illustrated by the heart paradigm. Beside NOS-dependent NO generation, recent knowledge concerning Hb/Mb interplay with NO and nitrite has revealed unexpected functions in addition to the classical respiratory role of these proteins. In fact, nitrite, a major biologic reservoir of NO, generates it through deohyHb- and deoxyMb-dependent nitrite reduction, thereby regulating hypoxic vasodilation, cellular respiration and signalling. We suggest that both Hb and Mb are involved as nitrite reductases under hypoxic conditions in a number of cardiocirculatory processes. On the whole, this opens new horizons in environmental and evolutionary physiology.}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2018-04-18}, journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular \& Integrative Physiology}, author = {Garofalo, F. and Pellegrino, D. and Amelio, D. and Tota, B.}, month = sep, year = {2009}, pages = {10--28}, file = {Garofalo et al. - 2009 - The Antarctic hemoglobinless icefish, fifty five y.pdf:files/20/Garofalo et al. - 2009 - The Antarctic hemoglobinless icefish, fifty five y.pdf:application/pdf} } @article{verde_evolution_2006, title = {The evolution of thermal adaptation in polar fish}, volume = {385}, issn = {03781119}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378111906002757}, doi = {10.1016/j.gene.2006.04.006}, abstract = {Given the unique thermal history of the Antarctic continent, fishes of dominant suborder Notothenioidei offer a remarkable opportunity to study the physiological and biochemical characters gained and, conversely, lost during their evolutionary history and to map this information on the species phylogenetic trees. The availability of phylogenetically related notothenioid taxa living in a wide range of latitudes (in the Antarctic, sub-Antarctic and temperate regions) allows to look into the molecular bases of environmentally driven gene birth and death. This evolutionary perspective has also been supported by comparison of some features of the hemoprotein devoted to the oxygen transport in fish species living in the other polar region, the Arctic.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2018-04-18}, journal = {Gene}, author = {Verde, Cinzia and Parisi, Elio and di Prisco, Guido}, month = dec, year = {2006}, pages = {137--145}, file = {Eastman and Devries - 1986 - Renal glomerular evolution in Antarctic notothenio.pdf:files/63/Eastman and Devries - 1986 - Renal glomerular evolution in Antarctic notothenio.pdf:application/pdf;Verde et al. - 2006 - The evolution of thermal adaptation in polar fish.pdf:files/34/Verde et al. - 2006 - The evolution of thermal adaptation in polar fish.pdf:application/pdf} } @article{verde_adaptations_2004, title = {Adaptations and lifestyle in polar marine environments: a biological challenge for the study of fish evolution}, volume = {23}, issn = {0800-0395, 1751-8369}, shorttitle = {Adaptations and lifestyle in polar marine environments}, url = {http://www.polarresearch.net/index.php/polar/article/view/6260}, doi = {10.1111/j.1751-8369.2004.tb00123.x}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2018-04-18}, journal = {Polar Research}, author = {Verde, Cinzia and Cocca, Ennio and Pascale, Donatella and Parisi, Elio and Frisco, Guido}, month = jun, year = {2004}, pages = {3--10}, file = {Verde et al. - 2004 - Adaptations and lifestyle in polar marine environm.pdf:files/33/Verde et al. - 2004 - Adaptations and lifestyle in polar marine environm.pdf:application/pdf} } @article{romisch_cell_2003, title = {Cell biology in the {Antarctic}: studying life in the freezer}, volume = {5}, issn = {1465-7392, 1476-4679}, shorttitle = {Cell biology in the {Antarctic}}, url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/ncb0103-3}, doi = {10.1038/ncb0103-3}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2018-04-18}, journal = {Nature Cell Biology}, author = {Römisch, Karin and Matheson, Tom}, month = jan, year = {2003}, pages = {3--6}, file = {Römisch and Matheson - 2003 - Cell biology in the Antarctic studying life in th.pdf:files/29/Römisch and Matheson - 2003 - Cell biology in the Antarctic studying life in th.pdf:application/pdf} } @article{place_constitutive_2004, title = {Constitutive roles for inducible genes: evidence for the alteration in expression of the inducible \textit{hsp70} gene in {Antarctic} notothenioid fishes}, volume = {287}, issn = {0363-6119, 1522-1490}, shorttitle = {Constitutive roles for inducible genes}, url = {http://www.physiology.org/doi/10.1152/ajpregu.00223.2004}, doi = {10.1152/ajpregu.00223.2004}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2018-04-18}, journal = {American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology}, author = {Place, Sean P. and Zippay, Mackenzie L. and Hofmann, Gretchen E.}, month = aug, year = {2004}, pages = {R429--R436}, file = {Place et al. - 2004 - Constitutive roles for inducible genes evidence f.pdf:files/27/Place et al. - 2004 - Constitutive roles for inducible genes evidence f.pdf:application/pdf} } @article{place_constitutive_2005, title = {Constitutive expression of a stress-inducible heat shock protein gene, hsp70, in phylogenetically distant {Antarctic} fish}, volume = {28}, issn = {0722-4060, 1432-2056}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00300-004-0697-y}, doi = {10.1007/s00300-004-0697-y}, abstract = {Previous research on Antarctic notothenioid fishes demonstrated the loss of the heat-shock response characterized by the rapid synthesis of molecular chaperones in response to increasing pools of damaged proteins. We determined that this loss was the result of constitutive expression of the inducible hsp70 gene. In this study, we examined the extent of this unique expression pattern in Antarctic fish by comparing the expression of two genes, the constitutive hsc71 gene and the inducible hsp70 gene, in tissues from Trematomus bernacchii to expression in tissues of Pagothenia borchgrevinki, a second Antarctic notothenioid, and Lycodichthys dearborni, a phylogenetically distant Antarctic species. Our study indicated that the expression of hsc71 is similar in all species; however, the constitutive expression of the inducible hsp70 gene was also manifested in these species. These data further suggest that cold denaturation of proteins at ecologically relevant temperatures may be contributing to this change in expression of the hsp70 gene.}, language = {en}, number = {4}, urldate = {2018-04-18}, journal = {Polar Biology}, author = {Place, Sean P. and Hofmann, Gretchen E.}, month = mar, year = {2005}, pages = {261--267}, file = {Place and Hofmann - 2005 - Constitutive expression of a stress-inducible heat.pdf:files/26/Place and Hofmann - 2005 - Constitutive expression of a stress-inducible heat.pdf:application/pdf} } @article{obrien_quantification_2000, title = {Quantification of diffusion distance within the spongy myocardium of hearts from antarctic fishes}, volume = {122}, issn = {00345687}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034568700001390}, doi = {10.1016/S0034-5687(00)00139-0}, abstract = {We developed a stereological method for quantifying diffusion distance within spongy myocardium. Using this method we compared the hearts of three species of Antarctic fishes that vary in expression of oxygen-binding proteins. We examined hearts from Gobionotothen gibberifrons, a red-blooded species whose ventricle has myoglobin (Mb), and hearts of two species of icefish that lack hemoglobin (Hb) and vary in expression of cardiac Mb; Chionodraco rastrospinosus expresses Mb, Chaenocephalus aceratus does not. Average diffusion distance within ventricular tissue is greater in red-blooded Antarctic teleosts (9.82 91.37 mm) compared with icefish (C. rastrospinosus, 6.20 mm9 0.86; C. aceratus, 6.23 90.41 mm). Average diffusion distance to a mitochondrion parallels this trend because mitochondria are uniformly distributed within cardiac muscle. Results show that loss of Hb is correlated with increased trabeculation of heart ventricle. Loss of Mb however, is not correlated with an increase in trabeculation of ventricular tissue, despite significant differences in cellular ultrastructure compared with species that express the protein. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2018-04-18}, journal = {Respiration Physiology}, author = {O'Brien, K.M and Xue, Huijie and Sidell, B.D}, month = aug, year = {2000}, pages = {71--80}, file = {O'Brien et al. - 2000 - Quantification of diffusion distance within the sp.pdf:files/25/O'Brien et al. - 2000 - Quantification of diffusion distance within the sp.pdf:application/pdf} } @article{montgomery_disaptation_2000, title = {Disaptation and recovery in the evolution of {Antarctic} fishes}, volume = {15}, issn = {01695347}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169534700018966}, doi = {10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01896-6}, language = {en}, number = {7}, urldate = {2018-04-18}, journal = {Trends in Ecology \& Evolution}, author = {Montgomery, John and Clements, Kendall}, month = jul, year = {2000}, pages = {267--271}, file = {Montgomery and Clements - 2000 - Disaptation and recovery in the evolution of Antar.pdf:files/24/Montgomery and Clements - 2000 - Disaptation and recovery in the evolution of Antar.pdf:application/pdf} } @article{evans_synthesis_2012, title = {Synthesis and recycling of antifreeze glycoproteins in polar fishes}, volume = {24}, issn = {0954-1020, 1365-2079}, url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0954102012000119}, doi = {10.1017/S0954102012000119}, abstract = {Evolutionary disparate Antarctic notothenioids and Arctic gadids have adapted to their freezing environments through the elaboration of essentially identical antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs). Here we show that this convergence of molecular identity, which evolved from unrelated parent genes, extends to convergence in physiological deployment. Both fish groups synthesize AFGPs in the exocrine pancreas from where they are discharged into the gut to inhibit the growth of ingested ice. Antifreeze glycoproteins not lost with the faeces are resorbed from the gut via the rectal epithelium, transported to the blood and ultimately secreted into the bile, from where they re-enter the gastrointestinal tract. Antifreeze glycoprotein recirculation conserves energy expenditure and explains how high levels of AFGPs reach the blood in notothenioids since, unlike Arctic gadids which also synthesize AFGP in the liver, AFGP secretion in notothenioids is directed exclusively towards the gastrointestinal lumen. Since AFGPs function by inhibiting ice crystal growth, ice must be present for them to function. The two fish groups are thus faced with an identical problem of how to deal with internal ice. Here we show that both accumulate AFGPs within ellipsoidal macrophages of the spleen, presumably adsorbed to phagocytosed ice crystals which are then held until a warming event ensues.}, language = {en}, number = {03}, urldate = {2018-04-18}, journal = {Antarctic Science}, author = {Evans, Clive W. and Hellman, Linn and Middleditch, Martin and Wojnar, Joanna M. and Brimble, Margaret A. and Devries, Arthur L.}, month = jun, year = {2012}, pages = {259--268}, file = {Evans et al. - 2012 - Synthesis and recycling of antifreeze glycoprotein.pdf:files/19/Evans et al. - 2012 - Synthesis and recycling of antifreeze glycoprotein.pdf:application/pdf} } @article{eastman_nature_2005, title = {The nature of the diversity of {Antarctic} fishes}, volume = {28}, issn = {0722-4060, 1432-2056}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00300-004-0667-4}, doi = {10.1007/s00300-004-0667-4}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2018-04-18}, journal = {Polar Biology}, author = {Eastman, Joseph T.}, month = jan, year = {2005}, pages = {93--107}, file = {Eastman - 2005 - The nature of the diversity of Antarctic fishes.pdf:files/17/Eastman - 2005 - The nature of the diversity of Antarctic fishes.pdf:application/pdf;Eastman and Devries - 1986 - Renal glomerular evolution in Antarctic notothenio.pdf:files/62/Eastman and Devries - 1986 - Renal glomerular evolution in Antarctic notothenio.pdf:application/pdf} } @article{di_prisco_predicting_2006, title = {Predicting the impacts of climate change on the evolutionary adaptations of polar fish}, volume = {5}, issn = {1569-1705, 1572-9826}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11157-006-9104-1}, doi = {10.1007/s11157-006-9104-1}, abstract = {The recognition of the important role of the polar habitats in global climate changes has awakened great interest in the evolutionary biology of the organisms that live there, as well as the increasing threat of loss of biological diversity and depletion of marine fisheries. These organisms are exposed to strong environmental constraints, and it is important to understand how they have adapted to cope with these challenges and to what extent adaptations may be upset by current climate changes. Adaptations of the dominant group of Antarctic fish, the suborder Notothenioidei, have been thoroughly investigated by several teams. Considering the amount of information available on cold adaptation, the study of fish adapted to the extreme conditions of the polar seas will allow us to gain invaluable clues on the development, impact and consequences of climate and anthropogenic challenges, with powerful implications for the future of the Earth.}, language = {en}, number = {2-3}, urldate = {2018-04-18}, journal = {Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology}, author = {di Prisco, Guido and Verde, Cinzia}, month = sep, year = {2006}, pages = {309--321}, file = {di Prisco and Verde - 2006 - Predicting the impacts of climate change on the ev.pdf:files/15/di Prisco and Verde - 2006 - Predicting the impacts of climate change on the ev.pdf:application/pdf} } @article{cziko_freezing_2006, title = {Freezing resistance of antifreeze-deficient larval {Antarctic} fish}, volume = {209}, issn = {0022-0949, 1477-9145}, url = {http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/doi/10.1242/jeb.02008}, doi = {10.1242/jeb.02008}, language = {en}, number = {3}, urldate = {2018-04-18}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology}, author = {Cziko, P. A.}, month = feb, year = {2006}, pages = {407--420}, file = {Cziko - 2006 - Freezing resistance of antifreeze-deficient larval.pdf:files/14/Cziko - 2006 - Freezing resistance of antifreeze-deficient larval.pdf:application/pdf} } @article{goldspink_adaptation_1995, title = {Adaptation of fish to differ environmental temperature by qualitative and quantitative changes in gene expression}, volume = {20}, number = {12}, journal = {Journal of Thermal Biology}, author = {Goldspink, Geoffrey}, year = {1995}, pages = {167--174}, file = {Goldspink 1995.pdf:files/21/Goldspink 1995.pdf:application/pdf} } @article{rudd_vertebrates_1958, title = {Vertebrates {Without} {Erythrocytes} and {Blood} {Pigment}}, volume = {173}, journal = {Nature}, author = {Rudd, J.T.}, year = {1958}, pages = {848--850}, file = {Ruud 1954.pdf:files/30/Ruud 1954.pdf:application/pdf} } @article{noauthor_notitle_nodate-1 } @article{eastman_phyletic_1997, title = {Phyletic {Divergence} and {Specialization} for {Pelagic} {Life} in the {Antartica} {Nototheniid} {Fish} {Pleuragramma} antarticum}, volume = {118}, number = {4}, journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology}, author = {Eastman, Joseph T.}, year = {1997}, pages = {1095--1101}, file = {_.pdf:files/60/_.pdf:application/pdf;Eastman and Devries - 1986 - Renal glomerular evolution in Antarctic notothenio.pdf:files/61/Eastman and Devries - 1986 - Renal glomerular evolution in Antarctic notothenio.pdf:application/pdf} } @article{eastman_renal_1986, title = {Renal glomerular evolution in {Antarctic} notothenioid fishes}, volume = {29}, journal = {Journal of Fish Biology}, author = {Eastman, Joseph T. and DeVries, A. L.}, year = {1986}, pages = {649--662} }